{"id":999,"date":"2023-11-07T20:41:42","date_gmt":"2023-11-07T17:41:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.hoimuloimed.ee\/?page_id=999"},"modified":"2023-11-07T20:41:56","modified_gmt":"2023-11-07T17:41:56","slug":"nganassaanid","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/hoimuloimed.ee\/index.php\/hoimurahvad-ja-keeled\/nganassaanid\/","title":{"rendered":"Nganassaanid"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Nganassaanid on samojeedi rahvas, kes elab Siberis P\u00f5hja-J\u00e4\u00e4mere \u00e4\u00e4rsel Taim\u00f5ri poolsaarel. N\u00f5nda on nad Euraasia k\u00f5ige p\u00f5hjapoolseim p\u00f5lisrahvas. Administratiivselt j\u00e4\u00e4vad nganassaanide kodutundrad t\u00e4nap\u00e4eval Venemaa F\u00f6deratsiooni Krasnojarski kraisse. Ajalooliselt on nad olnud p\u00f5hjap\u00f5trade, karusloomade ja veelindude k\u00fctid ning kalurid. 19. sajandil \u00f5ppisid nganassaanid neenetsitelt poolkodustatud p\u00f5hjap\u00f5trade karjatamise ning muutusid r\u00e4ndlevaks. Alates 1960. aastatest sundisid n\u00f5ukogude v\u00f5imud nganassaane paikseks \u2013 see n\u00e4rvutas p\u00f5hjap\u00f5trade karjatamise kui elatusallika ning peamisteks tegevusteks said taas jahipidamine ja kalap\u00fc\u00fck.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nganassaane pole karmi elukeskkonna t\u00f5ttu ilmselt kunagi olnud v\u00e4ga palju. Venemaa 2010. aasta rahvaloendusel pandi kirja 862 nganassaani, 2021. aastal aga vaid 687. Nganassaani keel kuulub koos (tundra- ja metsa-) neenetsi ja eenetsi keeltega uurali keelkonna samojeedi keelte p\u00f5hjaharusse ning sellel on mitmeid unikaalseid omap\u00e4rasid. Keelel on kaks peamist murret \u2013 l\u00e4\u00e4nepoolne avami ja idapoolne vadejevi ehk hatanga murre. Ehkki emakeele k\u00f5nelejaid oli viimase, 2021. aasta rahvaloenduste andmetel umbes 300, oskab neist oletamisi vaid sadakond keelt piisavalt h\u00e4sti, needki juba kesk- v\u00f5i vanemaealised inimesed. Hapra rahvustunde t\u00f5ttu \u00e4hvardab nganassaani keelt ja kultuuri venestumine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"829\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hoimuloimed.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Nganassaanid-1024x829.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1000\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hoimuloimed.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Nganassaanid-1024x829.png 1024w, https:\/\/hoimuloimed.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Nganassaanid-300x243.png 300w, https:\/\/hoimuloimed.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Nganassaanid-768x622.png 768w, https:\/\/hoimuloimed.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Nganassaanid-1536x1243.png 1536w, https:\/\/hoimuloimed.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Nganassaanid-2048x1657.png 2048w, https:\/\/hoimuloimed.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Nganassaanid-111x90.png 111w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Nganassaanide elupaigad. Punase v\u00e4rviga on kujutatud nganassaanide ajaloolised asualad, tumeroheliste t\u00e4ppidega nende praegused peamised asulad.<br>(Kaart: https:\/\/bedlan.net\/data\/)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u00f5hjalikumat eestikeelset lisainfot nganassaanide kohta pakuvad <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/fennougria.ee\/rahvad\/samojeedi-rahvad\/nganassaanid\/\" target=\"_blank\">Fenno-Ugria koduleht<\/a>, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/et.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nganassaanid\" target=\"_blank\">Vikipeedia<\/a> ja <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.erm.ee\/nganassaanid\" target=\"_blank\">Eesti Rahva Muuseumi koduleht<\/a>. Eesti teadlasist on nganassaanidega k\u00f5ige l\u00e4hemalt kokku puutunud folklorist ja usundiuurija Aado Lintrop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00f5imul\u00f5imedel pole nganassaanide ning nende keele ja kultuuriga seni veel l\u00e4hemaid kontakte olnud.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-start otfm-sp__wrapper otfm-sp__box js-otfm-sp-box__closed otfm-sp__f5f5f5\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-otfm-spc=\"#f5f5f5\" style=\"text-align:left\"><div class=\"otfm-sp__title\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">Keele\u00f5ppe ressursid veebis<\/span><\/strong><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=_A-KCrZmq2A\" target=\"_blank\">\u041d\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a | \u0422\u0435\u043c\u0430 1 | \u0417\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=nLeIfUOWEh4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u041d\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a | \u0422\u0435\u043c\u0430 2 | \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430<\/a><br>Nganassaani keele alg\u00f5ppe videod (vene keeles)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.slm.uni-hamburg.de\/nganslc.html\" target=\"_blank\">Hamburgi \u00dclikooli koostatud nganassaani k\u00f5nekeele korpus<\/a> (saksa keeles)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/HFKHHkrMrZI?si=f5QG3TNwtuPPO2sG\" target=\"_blank\">Nina T\u0161unat\u0161ar vestab muinasjutu trikster Djaikast ja inims\u00f6\u00f6jast ning esitab laulu \u201cPeeglikoja perenaine\u201d<\/a> (venekeelsete subtiitritega)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6HuJRN0jFR4\" target=\"_blank\">Svetlana Aksjonova vestab muinasjutu trikster Djaikast ning omaloomingulise jutu vennast ja \u00f5est<\/a> (venekeelsete subtiitritega)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-end otfm-sp_end\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-start otfm-sp__wrapper otfm-sp__box js-otfm-sp-box__closed otfm-sp__f5f5f5\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-otfm-spc=\"#f5f5f5\" style=\"text-align:left\"><div class=\"otfm-sp__title\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">Muusika<\/span><\/strong><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:24% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"332\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hoimuloimed.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/hendir.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1001\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hoimuloimed.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/hendir.jpeg 500w, https:\/\/hoimuloimed.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/hendir-300x199.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/hoimuloimed.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/hendir-136x90.jpeg 136w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p><strong>Hendir<\/strong><br><em>folk<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/SvgjQ53-slw?si=P43GXJvjTLysDQLd\">Youtube<\/a> <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-end otfm-sp_end\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nganassaanid on samojeedi rahvas, kes elab Siberis P\u00f5hja-J\u00e4\u00e4mere \u00e4\u00e4rsel Taim\u00f5ri poolsaarel. N\u00f5nda on nad Euraasia k\u00f5ige p\u00f5hjapoolseim p\u00f5lisrahvas. Administratiivselt j\u00e4\u00e4vad nganassaanide kodutundrad t\u00e4nap\u00e4eval Venemaa F\u00f6deratsiooni Krasnojarski kraisse. Ajalooliselt on nad olnud p\u00f5hjap\u00f5trade, karusloomade ja veelindude k\u00fctid ning kalurid. 19. sajandil \u00f5ppisid nganassaanid neenetsitelt poolkodustatud p\u00f5hjap\u00f5trade karjatamise ning muutusid r\u00e4ndlevaks. Alates 1960. aastatest sundisid n\u00f5ukogude v\u00f5imud nganassaane paikseks \u2013 see n\u00e4rvutas p\u00f5hjap\u00f5trade karjatamise kui elatusallika ning &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hoimuloimed.ee\/index.php\/hoimurahvad-ja-keeled\/nganassaanid\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Nganassaanid<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":221,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-999","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hoimuloimed.ee\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/999","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hoimuloimed.ee\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hoimuloimed.ee\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hoimuloimed.ee\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hoimuloimed.ee\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=999"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/hoimuloimed.ee\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/999\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1002,"href":"https:\/\/hoimuloimed.ee\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/999\/revisions\/1002"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hoimuloimed.ee\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/221"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hoimuloimed.ee\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=999"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}